Wars and diplomacy in the Middle East continue to evolve, with profound impacts on regional stability and international relations. Prolonged conflicts, including in Syria, Yemen, and Iraq, have created severe humanitarian crises. This conflict not only involves countries in the region but also global powers that have strategic interests. In Syria, the civil war that began in 2011 has attracted various powers, such as Russia, which supports Bashar al-Assad’s regime, and the United States, which often supports opposition groups. This situation impacts the balance of power in the Middle East, creates diplomatic tensions and influences the foreign policies of neighboring countries, including Türkiye and Iran. Russia’s role in supporting Assad strengthens its position in the Middle East, weakening the influence of the US and its allies. In Yemen, the military intervention by the Arab coalition, led by Saudi Arabia, in a conflict involving the Houthis, shows the complexity of interstate relations. Peace talks are often hampered by various national and regional interests. The humanitarian crisis in Yemen is getting worse, with millions of people at risk of starvation. Diplomatic follow-up is also important. Various efforts, including negotiations facilitated by the UN and other countries, demonstrate the desire to reach a peaceful solution. However, challenges remain, such as distrust between the parties involved and different political agendas. Another significant development is the normalization of relations between Israel and several Arab countries. The Abraham Accords, signed by Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, opened a new path for diplomacy in the region. This can ease tensions, but also adds complexity, considering the reaction of Palestine and other countries that support their cause. The activities of extremist groups, such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda, are also a major concern. Although their power has diminished in some regions, the threat of terrorism remains real and ongoing, affecting national security in many countries. The energy crisis is also an important part of this dynamic, especially after the impact of the conflict on global oil prices. Oil-producing countries in the Middle East must navigate between maintaining internal stability and meeting the needs of global markets, which are often affected by geopolitical tensions. As part of a long-term strategy, major powers continue to seek new alliances and strengthen existing relationships. Effective diplomacy is key to ensuring peace and stability. With decreasing external influence in the region, it is hoped that Middle Eastern countries will become more independent in formulating their own foreign policies. Overall, the recent impact of war and diplomacy in the Middle East has made the region increasingly complex. Any change in one part of the region can trigger a chain reaction, creating challenges to global security that need to be addressed with greater international cooperation.
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