The foreign policy of a nation covers all aspects of a country’s interactions with other states, organizations and international entities. This includes diplomatic relations, economic interests and the balancing of power to combat threats and promote the global community’s common goals. The term can also refer to military alliances, addressing global issues such as climate change or providing humanitarian aid and development programs. A country’s foreign policy is usually developed and managed by its government, with a wide range of agencies and departments working to make the policies happen, including embassies and consulates around the world.
Domestically, a policymaker’s approach to foreign affairs may be shaped by ideas about self-interest and an idealized notion of national security. A country’s values and vision of itself can influence the shape of its foreign policy, which might include support for human rights or opposition to nuclear proliferation.
The United States has a complex foreign policy based on its many global responsibilities and commitments. This includes the defense of its allies and partners in NATO, the development of trade ties with countries across Europe, Asia and Africa, the promotion of democracy, and the protection of its citizens abroad.
Managing these various relationships requires extensive diplomacy, and the U.S. has a large and diverse group of dedicated people to carry out its foreign policy, including members of the Foreign Service and civilian employees at embassies and consulates around world. While the president has a central role in shaping foreign policy, Congress is an important co-equal branch of government that can oversee and provide funding for many of these initiatives.
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